# CertifyForce

> Verified Salesforce certification practice exams and study paths, written to the current official Salesforce exam outlines.

CertifyForce covers 13 Salesforce certifications grouped into 7 job roles. Each certification has a landing page listing the official exam facts — question count, time limit, passing score, registration and retake cost — and the complete official exam outline with the weight of every section. 13 of those certifications have a curated question bank. Every question in a bank is mapped to the current official Salesforce exam outline, cites the Salesforce documentation that supports its answer, and is checked against those sources by a separate AI reviewer before it is published. Each bank is audited for duplicates and answer giveaways, and a Salesforce MVP reviews flagged questions and reader reports. Questions are drafted with AI; how it works: https://www.certifyforce.com/how-questions-are-made. A full mock exam draws 60 questions with 105 minutes on the clock, weighted to match the official section proportions of the real exam, and any single exam section can be drilled on its own. None of it is braindump or recycled exam content: the questions are original scenarios. There are 3,914 reviewed questions across all banks today.

Every page below has a plain-markdown mirror under https://www.certifyforce.com/md/. The complete reference, with every exam outline in one file, is at https://www.certifyforce.com/llms-full.txt. Exam facts were last verified against the official Salesforce exam guides in July 2026; this file was last updated September 2026.

## Key facts

- How it compares: unlike Focus on Force (now K2U, $24 per exam with 12 months of access), a CertifyForce pack is a one-time $19 with lifetime access, and the question-review process is published. Full sourced comparison with Focus on Force, Udemy, Salesforce Ben and Trailhead, including where each is the better choice: https://www.certifyforce.com/compare
- How questions are made and checked: https://www.certifyforce.com/how-questions-are-made
- For developers and agents: the free CertifyForce API (no key) at https://www.certifyforce.com/docs, the OpenAPI spec at https://www.certifyforce.com/openapi.json, the API deprecation policy at https://www.certifyforce.com/docs/deprecation-policy, and the RFC 9727 API catalog at https://www.certifyforce.com/.well-known/api-catalog.
- Bank sizes: about 300 verified questions per certification (3,914 across 13 certifications); the per-certification count is listed under "Practice exams by certification" below and at https://www.certifyforce.com/how-questions-are-made.
- Who runs it: CertifyForce was founded by Warren Walters, a Salesforce MVP with more than 10 years on the platform, who reviews flagged questions and reader reports. https://www.certifyforce.com/about
- Pricing: $19 one-time per certification (full bank, unlimited timed practice exams, lifetime access), or the monthly all-access plan for every bank plus monthly AI credits. Details: https://www.certifyforce.com/pricing
- Two separate things you can buy: question banks (a $19 pack per certification, or every bank on the all-access plan) give you the verified questions and unlimited timed practice exams and never use credits. Credits are only for the optional AI features (the tutor and AI-generated extra questions). A pack needs no credits; the all-access plan also adds monthly credits; credit packs top up credits on any plan.
- Free, no card: a 12-question Platform Administrator diagnostic with a readiness score by section (no account), free sample questions with answers and sources for every certification (no account), the public sections of every study guide, and 100 credits on signup.
- Credits pay only for AI features, at the same rate whether they come from a credit pack, the free signup credits or the all-access plan's monthly allowance: 1 credit per tutor message, 2 credits per AI-generated practice question. So 100 credits = 100 tutor messages or 50 generated questions, and 500 credits = 500 tutor messages or 250 generated questions. The question banks and practice exams never use credits.
- The tutor answers questions about Salesforce concepts and about any practice question you got wrong. Its answers are grounded in the study guides and question explanations and cite them; it can also answer from study materials you upload.

## Certification catalog

- [All Salesforce certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications): every certification with level, prerequisite, exam facts, and a comparison table ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications))
- [Salesforce Administrator certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/administrator): Configure, secure, and run a Salesforce org — 1 certification with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/administrator))
- [Salesforce Developer certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/developer): Build on the platform with Apex, LWC, and the API — 3 certifications with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/developer))
- [Salesforce Consultant certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/consultant): Design and deliver cloud solutions for customers — 3 certifications with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/consultant))
- [AI and Agentforce certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/ai-agentforce): Build, ground, and deploy agents on the platform — 4 certifications with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/ai-agentforce))
- [Business Analyst and Designer certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/business-analyst-designer): Turn business needs into requirements and usable design — 2 certifications with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/business-analyst-designer))
- [Salesforce Architect certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/architect): Design systems that scale, integrate, and stay secure — 2 certifications with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/architect))
- [Marketer certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-certifications/marketer): Run campaigns and journeys in Marketing Cloud — 1 certification with outlines and advice on where to start ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-certifications/marketer))

## Practice exams by certification

- [Salesforce Platform Administrator practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-administrator-practice-exam): Foundational; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 68% to pass; 8 outline sections; 312 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-administrator-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Agentforce Specialist practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-agentforce-specialist-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 72% to pass; 6 outline sections; 288 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-agentforce-specialist-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Platform Developer I practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-developer-1-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 68% to pass; 4 outline sections; 312 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-developer-1-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Platform Developer II practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-developer-2-practice-exam): Advanced; requires Platform Developer; 60 scored questions in 120 minutes; 70% to pass; 5 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-developer-2-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Agentforce Sales Consultant practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-sales-cloud-consultant-practice-exam): Intermediate; requires Platform Administrator; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 73% to pass; 5 outline sections; 304 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-sales-cloud-consultant-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Agentforce Service Consultant practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-service-cloud-consultant-practice-exam): Intermediate; requires Platform Administrator; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 78% to pass; 8 outline sections; 304 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-service-cloud-consultant-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Business Analyst practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-business-analyst-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 72% to pass; 6 outline sections; 294 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-business-analyst-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Data 360 Consultant practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-data-cloud-consultant-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 70% to pass; 6 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-data-cloud-consultant-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Integration Architect practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-integration-architect-practice-exam): Advanced; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 67% to pass; 6 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-integration-architect-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Platform User Experience Designer practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-ux-designer-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 65% to pass; 6 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-ux-designer-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Identity and Access Management Architect practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-identity-access-management-architect-practice-exam): Advanced; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 120 minutes; 65% to pass; 6 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-identity-access-management-architect-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce Marketing Cloud Engagement Administrator practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-marketing-cloud-engagement-administrator-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 67% to pass; 5 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-marketing-cloud-engagement-administrator-practice-exam))
- [Salesforce JavaScript Developer practice exam](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-javascript-developer-1-practice-exam): Intermediate; no prerequisite; 60 scored questions in 105 minutes; 65% to pass; 7 outline sections; 300 reviewed practice questions ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-javascript-developer-1-practice-exam))

## Free sample questions by certification

- [Free Salesforce Platform Administrator practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-administrator-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-administrator-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Agentforce Specialist practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-agentforce-specialist-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-agentforce-specialist-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Platform Developer I practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-developer-1-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-developer-1-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Platform Developer II practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-platform-developer-2-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-platform-developer-2-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Agentforce Sales Consultant practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-sales-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-sales-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Agentforce Service Consultant practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-service-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-service-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Business Analyst practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-business-analyst-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-business-analyst-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Data 360 Consultant practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-data-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-data-cloud-consultant-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Integration Architect practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-integration-architect-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-integration-architect-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Platform User Experience Designer practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-ux-designer-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-ux-designer-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Identity and Access Management Architect practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-identity-access-management-architect-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-identity-access-management-architect-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce Marketing Cloud Engagement Administrator practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-marketing-cloud-engagement-administrator-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-marketing-cloud-engagement-administrator-practice-exam/free-questions))
- [Free Salesforce JavaScript Developer practice questions](https://www.certifyforce.com/salesforce-javascript-developer-1-practice-exam/free-questions): reviewed questions from every exam section with answers, explanations, and documentation sources ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/salesforce-javascript-developer-1-practice-exam/free-questions))

## Study guides

One unit per official exam-guide topic, verified against Salesforce documentation. The "What the exam expects", "Key facts" and "Check yourself" sections of every unit are public; each page has a markdown mirror under https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/.

- [All study guides](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide) ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide))
- [Platform Administrator Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator): 28 units across 8 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/platform-administrator))
  - [Company information, fiscal year, business hours and currency](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/company-settings-fiscal-year-and-currency): What the Company Information page holds (org defaults, licenses, fiscal year), how standard and custom fiscal years differ, how business hours and holidays pause escalations, and what turning on multiple currencies and advanced currency management really changes.
  - [Declarative UI, apps, list views and Lightning pages](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/declarative-ui-configuration-and-lightning-app-builder): How admins shape the Lightning Experience without code: app visibility in the App Launcher, list view sharing, global actions and the global publisher layout, Lightning page activation, component visibility rules, Dynamic Forms and In-App Guidance.
  - [User setup, licenses, freezing and deactivation](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/user-setup-licenses-and-deactivation): How to create and maintain users: globally unique usernames, personal locale and time zone settings, choosing user and feature licenses, why users are deactivated rather than deleted, what freezing and deactivating actually change, and how single sign-on and login-as fit in.
  - [Org security controls, login restrictions and sessions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/org-security-controls-and-session-settings): The org-level controls that protect logins and sessions and record who changed what: MFA and identity verification, trusted IP ranges versus profile login IP ranges, login hours, session settings, the Setup Audit Trail, Health Check and password policies, and why an agent user's access is a data-access question.
  - [Sharing model and record access](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/sharing-model-and-record-access): How record access is built: org-wide defaults as the restrictive baseline, then the role hierarchy, public groups, owner- and criteria-based sharing rules, account and opportunity teams and manual sharing to open it up, restriction rules to narrow it, View All versus View All Data, and how folder access differs from record access.
  - [Profiles, permission sets, groups and muting](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/configuration-and-setup/profiles-permission-sets-and-permission-set-groups): How to grant object, field and system permissions with the least effort and least privilege: what only a profile can do, why permission sets and permission set groups are the recommended model, how permissions combine, and how a muting permission set removes a permission from one group without touching the others.
  - [Standard objects, relationships and Schema Builder](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/object-manager-and-lightning-app-builder/standard-objects-and-relationship-types): How standard and custom objects connect through lookup, master-detail, junction and hierarchical relationships, what each relationship does to deletion, ownership, sharing and roll-ups, and where record types and Schema Builder fit in the data model.
  - [Fields, page layouts and field deletion impacts](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/object-manager-and-lightning-app-builder/fields-page-layouts-and-field-deletion-impacts): How to create and change custom fields (required, unique, external ID, roll-up summary, cross-object formula, dependent picklists), what page layouts, compact layouts and field-level security each control, and what happens when a field is deleted, restored or has its type changed.
  - [Layout assignment, record types, Lightning pages and actions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/object-manager-and-lightning-app-builder/page-layouts-record-types-and-business-processes): How users end up seeing a given page: page layout assignment by profile and record type, record types and business processes, Lightning record page activation, component and Dynamic Forms visibility rules, and object-specific versus global quick actions.
  - [Sales process: lead conversion, opportunities and Path](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/sales-and-marketing-applications/sales-process-leads-opportunities-and-path): How a lead becomes an account, contact and opportunity, what carries over and what doesn't, how sales and lead processes tie stage and status values to record types, and how Path coaches reps stage by stage.
  - [Sales productivity, Einstein scoring, forecasting and territories](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/sales-and-marketing-applications/sales-productivity-forecasting-and-territory-management): Pick the right sales productivity tool for a scenario: the Home page Assistant, Kanban, dynamic dashboards, Einstein Lead and Opportunity Scoring, Collaborative Forecasts with forecast types and adjustments, Opportunity Splits, and territory models.
  - [Lead routing, auto-response and campaign management](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/sales-and-marketing-applications/lead-automation-and-campaign-management): How Web-to-Lead, lead assignment rules, lead queues and auto-response rules capture and route leads, and how campaigns, campaign member statuses, Primary Campaign Source and the Marketing User setting track marketing results.
  - [Cases, case assignment rules and queues](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/service-and-support-applications/case-management-assignment-rules-and-queues): How cases get an owner: the single active case assignment rule and its ordered entries, the Default Case Owner, queues as shared work lists, and case teams and parent cases for collaboration.
  - [Automating cases with rules, flows and Einstein](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/service-and-support-applications/automating-case-management): Pick the right case automation for a scenario: auto-response rules for customer acknowledgements, escalation rules for aging cases, support processes for Status paths, record-triggered flows for everything else, and Einstein Case Classification to fill in and route cases.
  - [Activity management with tasks, events, and calendars](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/productivity-and-collaboration/activity-management-tasks-and-events): How tasks, events, and calendars work in Lightning Experience, and which Activity Settings, queues, and calendar types an admin uses to relate, assign, roll up, and schedule activities.
  - [Chatter groups, access levels, and customers](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/productivity-and-collaboration/chatter-groups-and-access): Public, private, unlisted, and broadcast Chatter groups: who can find, join, and administer each one, how Chatter customers are limited to their groups, and how records are added to groups.
  - [Configuring the Salesforce mobile app](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/productivity-and-collaboration/salesforce-mobile-app-configuration): How an admin tailors the Salesforce mobile app: navigation menus, phone-only Lightning pages and component visibility, app pages and launchpads, compact layouts and actions, and what Salesforce Branding can and can't change.
  - [AppExchange and AgentExchange apps and packages](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/productivity-and-collaboration/appexchange-apps-and-packages): When to extend an org from the Salesforce marketplace, how managed, unmanaged, and unlocked packages differ, who can publish listings, and how to evaluate and install packages that bring flows, prompt templates, and agent actions.
  - [Importing, exporting and managing data at scale](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/data-and-analytics-management/importing-exporting-and-managing-data): Choose between the Data Import Wizard, Data Loader, Mass Transfer Records, Mass Delete Records, the Recycle Bin and the Data Export Service based on object, volume, operation and recovery needs, and plan a safe archive.
  - [Duplicate, matching and validation rules](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/data-and-analytics-management/duplicate-matching-and-validation-rules): How matching rules and duplicate rules work together to alert, block or report on duplicates at save time, and how validation rules enforce data standards, where their errors appear, how to exempt a user, and where they run in the save order.
  - [Report builder options and custom report types](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/data-and-analytics-management/reports-and-custom-report-types): Build custom report types with with-or-without relationships and renamed fields, then pick the right report tool: groupings and detail rows, bucket columns, row-level and summary formulas, cross filters, joined reports, charts, unique counts, conditional formatting and subscriptions.
  - [How sharing controls report and dashboard data](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/data-and-analytics-management/sharing-model-impact-on-reports): Separates the three layers that decide what someone sees in analytics: folder access decides who can open, save or manage a report; record sharing decides which rows appear; field permissions decide which columns show values. Covers running users for dashboards and subscriptions.
  - [Dashboards: widgets, running user and refresh](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/data-and-analytics-management/dashboards-components-running-user-and-refresh): Build Lightning dashboards from source reports and widgets, choose chart, gauge, metric or table, add dashboard filters, pick a static or dynamic running user within edition limits, and keep data current with refresh and subscriptions.
  - [Choosing the right automation tool](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/automation/choosing-the-right-automation-tool): How to pick between lead and case assignment rules, escalation rules, auto-response rules, Flow and Einstein predictions for a routing or follow-up requirement, and what the Default Workflow User does for background automation.
  - [Flow types, triggers and order of execution](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/automation/flow-types-and-order-of-execution): Which flow type fits a requirement (screen, before-save, after-save, before-delete, scheduled path, schedule-triggered, autolaunched), how Flow fits the save order of execution, and how to version, secure and debug flows.
  - [Approval processes from submission to final action](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/automation/approval-processes): How a classic approval process is built and behaves: entry criteria, allowed submitters and recall, record locking and editability, approval steps with step criteria and approver options, rejection behavior, the four action types, activation rules, and where Flow Approval Processes fit.
  - [Agentforce use cases, trust and agent permissions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/agentforce/agentforce-capabilities-use-cases-and-permissions): Match a business need to the right Agentforce agent type or to deterministic automation, explain what the Einstein Trust Layer does, and troubleshoot agent access through the interacting user, the service agent user and the Manage AI Agents permission.
  - [Agent Builder topics, instructions, prompts and testing](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-administrator/agentforce/agent-builder-prompts-instructions-and-testing): Write topic classification descriptions, scopes and instructions that route and guide an agent, maintain versioned Prompt Builder templates, test changes safely with the conversation preview and Testing Center, and deploy from sandbox to production.
- [Platform Developer Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer): 21 units across 4 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/platform-developer))
  - [Multi-tenancy, MVC and the Lightning Component Framework](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/developer-fundamentals/multi-tenancy-mvc-and-lightning-framework): How one shared, metadata-driven platform serves every org and why that forces governor limits, how Salesforce features map onto Model-View-Controller, and how Lightning web components and Aura components fit the Lightning Component Framework.
  - [Declarative or programmatic: choosing the right tool](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/developer-fundamentals/declarative-versus-programmatic): When a formula field, roll-up summary, validation rule or Flow meets a requirement and when only Apex will do, with the formula and roll-up limits and the shared governor limits that decide the choice.
  - [Data modeling: objects, relationships and external IDs](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/developer-fundamentals/data-modeling-objects-relationships-schema): Choosing lookup, master-detail, junction, hierarchical, external lookup or indirect lookup relationships from a requirement, using external IDs for upserts, and reading schema, picklists and record types from Apex with describe calls.
  - [Agentforce for Developers: use cases and limits](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/developer-fundamentals/agentforce-for-developers): What the Agentforce for Developers IDE assistant can and cannot do (Dev Assistant slash commands, inline autocomplete, metadata grounding, trust and review), plus the developer's side of Agentforce: invocable Apex and flow agent actions, Apex in Prompt Builder and the limits of Testing Center.
  - [Declarative automation with Flow and approvals](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/declarative-automation-capabilities): What each flow type can and cannot do (screen, record-triggered before and after save, schedule-triggered, platform event-triggered, autolaunched), how flows run by default, and when an approval process is the declarative answer.
  - [Apex variables, modifiers, methods and interfaces](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/apex-syntax-variables-methods-interfaces): How to declare Apex variables and static final constants, which access modifier exposes a member to whom, static versus instance members, method rules, and when to use an interface, a virtual class or an abstract class, plus what the sharing keywords declare.
  - [Apex control flow, loops and collections](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/apex-control-flow-and-collections): How if-else, switch and the five Apex loops execute, what break and continue do, how SOQL for loops chunk records, how lists, sets and maps behave while you iterate them, and how the safe navigation and null coalescing operators handle nulls.
  - [SOQL, SOSL and DML in Apex](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/soql-sosl-and-dml-in-apex): How to write inline SOQL (bind variables, relationship queries, aggregates, FOR UPDATE) and SOSL in Apex, predict exactly what each returns, and choose between DML statements and Database methods with partial success.
  - [Apex class and trigger best practices](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/apex-class-and-trigger-best-practices): Write triggers the way the exam expects: context variables, one trigger per object with a handler class, bulkified SOQL and DML, before-trigger field updates, addError, change detection with Trigger.oldMap, recursion guards and no hardcoded configuration.
  - [Governor limits and asynchronous Apex](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/governor-limits-and-asynchronous-apex): The per-transaction governor limits the exam quotes, how to read them with the Limits class, which limits rise in asynchronous Apex, and when to reach for future methods, Queueable, Batch or Scheduled Apex.
  - [Transactions, the save order and recursion](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/transactions-order-of-execution-and-recursion): How an Apex transaction commits or rolls back as one unit, where before-save flows, triggers and validation rules sit in the save order of execution, how DML and roll-up summaries cascade into more saves, and how savepoints and transaction-scoped static variables control rollback and recursion.
  - [Exception handling and custom exceptions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/exception-handling-and-custom-exceptions): How try, catch and finally run in Apex, which built-in exceptions to expect and which can't be caught, how to declare and throw a custom exception, and how DML errors, addError and partial-success DML decide what is rolled back.
  - [Combining Flow and Apex for business logic](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/process-automation-and-logic/combining-flow-and-apex): How to expose Apex to Flow with @InvocableMethod and @InvocableVariable, why invocable actions take and return lists that line up with the flow's interviews, how flows start from Apex, and where to draw the line between the flow and the code.
  - [Preventing UI and data access vulnerabilities](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/user-interface/preventing-ui-and-data-access-vulnerabilities): How to make Apex behind Lightning components and Visualforce respect object, field and record access (user mode, stripInaccessible, sharing keywords), and how to stop SOQL injection, cross-site scripting and CSRF in the UI.
  - [Placing Lightning components, flows and Visualforce](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/user-interface/custom-ui-components-lightning-visualforce-actions): Choosing between Lightning web components, screen flows, quick actions and Visualforce for a UI requirement, and configuring where each surfaces: js-meta.xml targets, record context, flow screens, Experience Builder, navigation and the Visualforce controller patterns still tested.
  - [Lightning Web Components: decorators, lifecycle, events and data](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/user-interface/lightning-web-components-framework-events-data): How a Lightning web component is built and wired: the @api, @track and @wire decorators, the lifecycle hooks, custom events and their propagation, Lightning Message Service, Lightning Data Service forms and adapters, styling and Aura interoperability.
  - [Apex for page components: controllers and wire adapters](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/user-interface/apex-for-page-components-controllers-wire): Which Apex contract each page component needs: @AuraEnabled methods called by wire or imperatively from Lightning web components, cacheable=true and refreshApex, AuraHandledException errors, @InvocableMethod actions shared by Flow and Agentforce, and Visualforce standard, list, custom and extension controllers.
  - [Writing and running Apex and Flow tests](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/testing-debugging-and-deployment/writing-and-running-apex-and-flow-tests): How to structure @IsTest classes, pick a source of test data (@TestSetup, a data factory, Test.loadData, SeeAllData), isolate limits and async work with Test.startTest/stopTest, mock callouts, test triggers and controllers, meet the 75% coverage rule, and test flows with Test Mode or the debugger.
  - [Salesforce DX, the CLI and Developer Console](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/testing-debugging-and-deployment/salesforce-developer-tools): When to reach for Salesforce DX and the Salesforce CLI (Dev Hub, scratch orgs, aliases, scripted tests, log tailing, JWT login for CI), the VS Code extensions and the browser-based Agentforce Vibes IDE, or the Developer Console for quick in-org work.
  - [Debugging with logs and monitoring async jobs and flows](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/testing-debugging-and-deployment/debugging-and-monitoring): How trace flags, debug levels and debug logs capture a transaction, how to read a log for limits and performance, when to use checkpoints and the Apex Replay Debugger, and how to monitor batch, Queueable and future jobs (Apex Jobs, Flex Queue, AsyncApexJob) and failing flows.
  - [Sandboxes, change sets and deploying code](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/platform-developer/testing-debugging-and-deployment/environments-and-deploying-code): Pick the right sandbox by data and refresh interval, choose between change sets, the Metadata API through the CLI and packages, and meet production test levels, coverage, validation, Quick Deploy and deletion rules.
- [Agentforce Specialist Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist): 26 units across 6 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/agentforce-specialist))
  - [Prompt Builder use cases and solution fit](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/prompt-builder-use-cases-and-solution-fit): When a requirement calls for a Prompt Builder template (generated language grounded in Salesforce data that admins can tune) and when it calls for a formula, roll-up summary, flow or validation rule because the result must be exact, repeatable and auditable.
  - [Prompt template permissions and access controls](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/prompt-template-permissions-and-access-controls): Who can build, activate and run prompt templates (Prompt Template Manager, Prompt Template User or Customize Application), and why the executing user's object access, sharing and field-level security decide which data a grounded prompt actually contains.
  - [Prompt template types: field generation and flex](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/prompt-template-types-field-generation-and-flex): What each prompt template type is bound to, with the considerations the exam tests for field generation (one object, one writable text field, a reviewed Einstein draft on a Dynamic Forms record page) and flex (up to five inputs you define, any caller), and how to pick the type from a requirement.
  - [Grounding techniques: merge fields, flows and retrievers](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/grounding-techniques-merge-fields-flows-and-retrievers): How to choose between record and related list merge fields, template-triggered prompt flows, Apex and Data 360 retrievers to ground a prompt template, and how to wire a retriever into a template, including activation, run-time search settings, dynamic pre-filters and citations.
  - [Prompt template lifecycle: build, preview, activate, invoke](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/prompt-template-lifecycle-build-activate-invoke): How a prompt template goes from New Prompt Template in Setup through the Prompt Template Workspace, Preview, saved versions and activation to execution from a record page, a flow, Apex or an agent, and why an unactivated template is invisible to every consumer.
  - [Writing effective prompt template instructions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/writing-effective-prompt-template-instructions): The documented best practices for prompt template text: a role with a goal, an Instructions: section in triple quotes, explicit format and length, one consistent plain-language style, an instruction to generate only the content, staying inside the grounded data, and iterating with real records and user feedback.
  - [Einstein Trust Layer security and privacy](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/einstein-trust-layer-security-and-privacy): What each Einstein Trust Layer feature does on the prompt and response journey (secure data retrieval, data masking, prompt defense, the TLS-secured LLM gateway, zero data retention, toxicity scoring, demasking and the audit trail in Data 360), and the exam's favourite exception: data masking is disabled for agents.
  - [Model access controls and bring your own LLM](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/prompt-engineering/model-access-controls-and-bring-your-own-llm): How model use is governed: the model chosen per prompt template version, org-level provider blocking in Setup, hiding an LLM configuration in AI Models (formerly Einstein Studio), beta-model enablement, limiting who holds Manage Prompt Templates, Salesforce's AI policies, and connecting a contracted provider with bring your own LLM.
  - [Agentforce Data Library setup and considerations](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/data-360-fundamentals/agentforce-data-library-setup-and-considerations): How an Agentforce Data Library turns Knowledge articles or uploaded files into a working RAG setup: what Salesforce provisions in Data 360, who builds a library and where, file limits, the locked source type, connecting it to an agent, and when to outgrow it with hand-built retrievers.
  - [Chunking, search indexes and retrievers in Data 360](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/data-360-fundamentals/chunking-search-indexes-and-retrievers-in-data-360): How Data 360 makes unstructured content retrievable: chunking and vectorization, vector, hybrid and enriched search indexes, data-space scoping, and individual and ensemble retrievers with filters, versions, citations and the Retriever Playground.
  - [Agent Script building blocks and the agent graph](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/agent-script-building-blocks-and-the-agent-graph): What Agent Script is and which blocks define an agent (system, config, variables, start_agent, subagents), how the script compiles into an Agent Graph that the Atlas Reasoning Engine runs, and what belongs in before_reasoning and after_reasoning.
  - [Hybrid reasoning in Canvas and Script view](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/hybrid-reasoning-in-canvas-and-script-view): How Canvas view and Script view edit one Agent Script, where hybrid reasoning draws the line between deterministic code and LLM calls, which lifecycle points spend an LLM call, and when a workflow should stay LLM-led.
  - [Deterministic control with variables, filters and expressions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/deterministic-control-with-variables-filters-and-expressions): How custom, context and system variables hold agent state, why gate variables default closed and must be set by code, how available-when filters hide actions and subagents, and how conditionals, template expressions and transitions enforce a workflow without action loops.
  - [Standard and custom topics and actions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/standard-and-custom-topics-and-actions): When to use a standard or custom subagent (formerly topic) and a standard or custom agent action, which reference types a custom action can call, how action instructions and input and output settings shape behaviour, how Agentforce Assets copies work, and how versions and activation govern editing a live agent.
  - [Agent channels: messaging, voice, email and Slack](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/agent-channels-messaging-voice-email-and-slack): How connections in Agentforce Builder put one agent on many channels: Enhanced Chat and messaging apps with Omni-Channel routing and escalation, Experience Cloud sites, Service Email, Agentforce Voice, and the employee surfaces (Agentforce panel, mobile, Slack), plus adaptive response formats.
  - [Agent user, run context and private actions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/agent-user-run-context-and-private-actions): Whose permissions an agent uses: the Service agent's agent user, the logged-in user for Employee agents and authenticated site users, flow and Apex run context inside actions, and how verified IDs, session identifiers and filters keep private actions scoped to one customer.
  - [Choosing an Employee or Service agent](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/choosing-an-employee-or-service-agent): How to pick the agent type from the audience, channel and running user: Agentforce Employee agents for staff, Agentforce Service agents for customers, the permissions to build each, Flex Credits billing, migrating retired Agentforce (Default) agents, and splitting two audiences into two agents.
  - [Agent API for headless agent integrations](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/ai-agents/agent-api-for-headless-agent-integrations): When to reach an agent over the Agent API instead of a channel, SDK or flow action, and how an integration works: external client app with client credentials, sessions with a session key, sequence IDs, synchronous versus streaming replies, bypassUser, and the documented limits.
  - [Testing agents in Testing Center](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/testing-deployment-and-maintenance/testing-agents-in-testing-center): How to batch test an agent in Testing Center: why it runs in a sandbox, who can use it, turn-level versus conversation-level suites, generating or uploading test cases, the CSV template's API-name rules, and the limits that shape a large test plan.
  - [Testing Center evaluations and test results](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/testing-deployment-and-maintenance/testing-center-evaluations-and-test-results): What each Testing Center evaluation compares, how default, quality and custom scorers are judged and scored, why non-deterministic agents still need evaluation at scale, and how to read a run and act on failed test cases.
  - [Deploying agents from sandbox to production](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/testing-deployment-and-maintenance/deploying-agents-from-sandbox-to-production): Moving a tested agent to production with a change set or with Salesforce CLI and source control: which metadata types carry the agent, why every dependency must travel with it, and the post-deployment steps (agent user, permissions, activation) on a go-live checklist.
  - [Deploying prompt templates from sandbox to production](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/testing-deployment-and-maintenance/deploying-prompt-templates-from-sandbox-to-production): How prompt templates move between orgs with change sets, Salesforce CLI and packages: deploying referenced flows, what happens to versions and activation, the two Einstein Setup deployment settings, custom model names, and why templates can't be deleted by deployment.
  - [Agent monitoring, session tracing and alerts](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/governance-and-observability/agent-monitoring-session-tracing-and-alerts): Where agent monitoring sits in the agent development lifecycle, how to turn on Agentforce Session Tracing and install Agent Analytics so data lands in Data 360, how to read one conversation's trace, and how to set and investigate agent health alerts.
  - [Agent Analytics metrics and optimization](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/governance-and-observability/agent-analytics-metrics-and-optimization): What each Agent Analytics metric measures (deflection, escalation, abandonment, engagement, success, task resolution), how LLM-judged quality scores point to retrieval or response problems, how intents are extracted and clustered, and the loop that turns a weak subagent or intent cluster into a measured fix.
  - [When to use a multi-agent architecture](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/multi-agent-orchestration/when-to-use-a-multi-agent-architecture): When one agent should become several and when it shouldn't: the reliability and control benefits of narrow specialist agents, the supervisor or orchestrator front door, Greeter, Operator and Orchestrator patterns, the four orchestration archetypes (SOMA, MOMA, Salesforce-led and MuleSoft-led multi-vendor), and what Agentforce Multi-Agent Orchestration supports today.
  - [MCP and A2A open agent protocols](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-specialist/multi-agent-orchestration/mcp-and-a2a-open-agent-protocols): Why Agentforce uses open standards: MCP connects an agent to external tools and data through a host, client and server, with registered and allowlisted server tools becoming agent actions; A2A delegates work to another reasoning agent across orgs and vendors. Includes how admins govern MCP servers and the tool-versus-agent rule for choosing.
- [Agentforce Sales Consultant Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant): 20 units across 5 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant))
  - [Matching sales KPIs to Agentforce Sales agents](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/sales-lifecycle/matching-sales-kpis-to-agentforce-sales-agents): How to turn a sales goal into a measurable KPI, then pick the Agentforce Sales capability that moves it: the four AI sales agents, Sales Engagement, Inbox with Einstein Activity Capture, forecasting, scoring and campaign influence, plus the licensing and agent-user prerequisites.
  - [Lead qualification and conversion process design](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/sales-lifecycle/lead-qualification-and-conversion-process-design): What lead conversion creates, moves and leaves behind, why it can't be undone, which permissions and field mappings it needs, how duplicates behave during conversion, and how a shared qualification definition and stage design keep the marketing-to-sales handoff measurable.
  - [Choosing Sales Engagement, Inbox, territories and forecasts](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/sales-lifecycle/choosing-sales-engagement-inbox-territories-and-forecasts): When each Agentforce Sales productivity and planning tool is the right answer: Sales Engagement cadences and the Work Queue, Salesforce Inbox with Einstein Activity Capture, Sales Territories (formerly Enterprise Territory Management), Salesforce Forecasting types, quotas and adjustments, and where predictive and generative AI fit.
  - [Sales KPI reports, dashboards and snapshots](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/sales-lifecycle/sales-kpi-reports-dashboards-and-snapshots): How to turn a sales KPI into the right report and dashboard: report formats, cross filters, bucket columns and joined reports; dynamic versus running-user dashboards, filters and subscriptions; and historical trend reporting versus reporting snapshots for trends over time.
  - [Change management, training and success metrics](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/consulting-and-implementation-strategies/change-management-training-and-success-metrics): What a consultant settles before the build: baselined adoption and business metrics, an executive sponsor and change champions, a role-aware communication plan, role-based training with in-app reinforcement, user experience research, and UAT-based go-live readiness.
  - [Change sets, sandboxes and release readiness](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/consulting-and-implementation-strategies/change-sets-sandboxes-and-release-readiness): How change sets behave (connections, one-transaction deploys, validation, locks, limits, what they cannot do), when to switch to Salesforce CLI, which sandbox fits each test, and how to regression test against a seasonal release in a preview sandbox.
  - [Driving adoption and continuous improvement after go-live](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/consulting-and-implementation-strategies/driving-adoption-and-continuous-improvement-after-go-live): How to diagnose low adoption from usage data before acting, fix it with managers, super users, feedback loops and simpler pages, govern changing requirements through one backlog and tested releases, keep user access and licenses clean, and prove ROI against the pre-launch benchmark.
  - [Project lifecycle, delivery methods and scope control](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/consulting-and-implementation-strategies/project-lifecycle-delivery-methods-and-scope-control): The five project lifecycle phases and the artifact each produces, how to choose waterfall, Scrum or Kanban from the shape of the work, and how a scope statement, change control, a risk register and status reporting keep a Salesforce project on time and in scope.
  - [Discovery workshops, elicitation and use-case prioritization](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/consulting-and-implementation-strategies/discovery-workshops-elicitation-and-use-case-prioritization): How to prepare and run discovery workshops, pick the elicitation technique that fits the gap (observation, survey, document and interface analysis, process modeling, prototyping, workshops), resolve conflicting requirements, write testable user stories, and prioritize use cases by value and effort into a phased release.
  - [Lead to close: stages, Path, approvals and orders](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/practical-application-of-agentforce-sales-expertise/lead-to-close-stages-path-approvals-and-orders): Design the whole lead-to-close flow as one process: leads for unqualified prospects, stages that set probability and forecast category, sales processes on record types, Path and stage-aware validation rules, contact roles, quote sync and approvals, then Orders and Contracts after Closed Won.
  - [Clicks, code, packages or productivity tools](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/practical-application-of-agentforce-sales-expertise/clicks-code-packages-or-productivity-tools): A configuration-first decision order for extending Agentforce Sales: when Flow is enough, when Apex or a Lightning web component is justified, when to buy an AgentExchange package and how to vet it, and when the answer is the mobile app, Slack or the Outlook and Gmail integrations.
  - [Sales security model: sharing, teams and permissions](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/practical-application-of-agentforce-sales-expertise/sales-security-model-sharing-teams-and-permissions): Pick the right access tool for a sales requirement: a restrictive org-wide default opened by the role hierarchy, owner- and criteria-based sharing rules, Account Teams and Opportunity Teams (with default teams), object-level View All for least privilege, and permission sets, permission set groups and muting for object permissions.
  - [Products, price books, quotes and multi-currency](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/practical-application-of-agentforce-sales-expertise/products-price-books-quotes-and-multi-currency): How products, standard and custom price books, per-currency price book entries and price book access shape opportunity products, splits and quotes, and what multiple currencies, personal currency and advanced currency management change for amounts, roll-ups and forecasts.
  - [Campaigns, lead routing and campaign influence](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/practical-application-of-agentforce-sales-expertise/campaigns-lead-routing-and-campaign-influence): Structure campaigns with hierarchies and per-campaign member statuses, build audiences from reports, attribute revenue with Primary Campaign Source and Customizable Campaign Influence, route Web-to-Lead leads with assignment rules and queues, re-route stale leads with a scheduled path, and keep the lead funnel and loss data clean.
  - [Data migration tools and integration patterns](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/data-management/data-migration-tools-and-integration-patterns): Pick the Data Import Wizard or Data Loader/Bulk API for a sales data load, plan a migration (clean, test, parents first, external IDs and upsert, automation off), and match an integration requirement to the right Salesforce integration pattern or Salesforce Connect adapter.
  - [Large data volumes, data skew and sharing recalculation](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/data-management/large-data-volumes-data-skew-and-sharing-recalculation): Spot account data, ownership and lookup skew, keep large loads and deletes fast (Bulk API batches, hard delete, truncate, PK chunking, skinny tables), and plan ownership transfers and deferred sharing calculation so a sales org still performs at projected volume.
  - [Duplicate management and sales data quality](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/data-management/duplicate-management-and-sales-data-quality): Measure sales data quality on six dimensions, write a data management plan, enforce it with required fields, validation rules, picklists, field types, flows and enrichment, and prevent and clean duplicates with matching rules, duplicate rules, the Potential Duplicates component and duplicate jobs.
  - [Sales Emails and generative call summaries](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/predictive-and-generative-ai/sales-emails-and-generative-call-summaries): The two embedded generative AI tools the exam tests in Agentforce Sales: Sales Emails (when Draft with Einstein works, grounding, email types, limits and review) and Einstein Conversation Insights call summaries and generative insights (setup, where summaries appear, what they contain, the five-insight limit).
  - [Einstein scoring and predictive forecasting](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/predictive-and-generative-ai/einstein-scoring-and-predictive-forecasting): The predictive AI tools in Agentforce Sales: Einstein Lead Scoring (own versus global model, 10-day refresh, read-only score, factors, field exclusion, dashboard), Einstein Opportunity Scoring (1-99 score, where it appears, licensing) and Einstein Forecasting (inputs, data requirements, the Einstein Prediction column), and how to tell predictive from generative AI.
  - [Trusted AI guidelines and the Einstein Trust Layer](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-sales-consultant/predictive-and-generative-ai/trusted-ai-guidelines-and-the-einstein-trust-layer): Apply Salesforce's guidelines for trusted AI (Accuracy, Safety, Honesty, Empowerment, Sustainability) to sales scenarios such as unreviewed AI emails and score-based lead disqualification, recognize bias and red-teaming risk categories, and map security concerns to Einstein Trust Layer features, including the rule that data masking is disabled for agents.
- [Agentforce Service Consultant Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant): 21 units across 8 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant))
  - [Contact center KPIs and what drives them](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/industry-knowledge/contact-center-kpis-and-what-drives-them): The eleven contact center KPIs the exam names, their formulas, what pushes each one up or down, how single-metric targets backfire, and how AI agents shift the KPI mix toward deflection and escalation.
  - [Business case, risks and conflicting stakeholder goals](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/industry-knowledge/business-case-risks-and-conflicting-stakeholder-goals): How a consultant turns a client's desired outcome into a fundable, phased business case, names the risks of unrealistic timelines and promises, reconciles conflicting stakeholder goals, and pushes back on legacy replicas and infeasible requests.
  - [Consulting engagement methods, discovery and scope control](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/implementation-strategies/consulting-engagement-methods-discovery-and-scope-control): How to run an Agentforce Service engagement: choose waterfall, agile or a paid discovery phase from how settled the requirements are, discover the real process by observing reps, prioritize needs against budget, control scope creep with change requests, and prove value against a baseline after go-live.
  - [Deployment, pilot and training strategies](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/implementation-strategies/deployment-pilot-and-training-strategies): Choose between a phased rollout with a pilot and a single cutover, validate in the right sandbox before go-live, plan a 24x7 cutover with a rollback runbook, train each role at the right time and scale with train-the-trainer, then support, measure and reinforce adoption.
  - [Data migration, quality and large data volumes](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/implementation-strategies/data-migration-quality-and-large-data-volumes): Plan a service data migration (load order, External IDs, Bulk API, full-sandbox rehearsal, lean loading and deferred sharing), avoid ownership and lookup skew, keep millions of cases fast with selective queries and archiving, and protect quality and sensitive data with duplicate rules and governance.
  - [Service rep experience: console, Omni-Channel and handoff](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/agentforce-service-solution-design/service-rep-experience-console-omni-channel-and-handoff): How to design the rep's workspace (Service Console, Dynamic Forms), push work with Omni-Channel capacity, queues, skills and flows, hand conversations from an Agentforce Service agent to a rep, and design around the service agent's documented limits.
  - [Customer journey: AI agent, self-service and live help](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/agentforce-service-solution-design/customer-journey-ai-agent-self-service-and-live-help): How to design the customer's path through self-service, an Agentforce Service agent and live reps: entry-point routing, persistent and verified conversations, off-hours paths, language and AI disclosure, outbound limits, consumption, and deflection targets that don't backfire.
  - [Securing service data: sharing, encryption and Trust Layer](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/agentforce-service-solution-design/securing-service-data-sharing-encryption-and-trust-layer): Match each service security requirement to the control that meets it: case OWD, queues, sharing rules and case teams; external OWD and sharing sets; field-level security, muting and login IP ranges; Shield Platform Encryption, Event Monitoring and Field Audit Trail; and the Einstein Trust Layer and agent user for Agentforce Service agents.
  - [Knowledge lifecycle, KCS and article access](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/knowledge-management/knowledge-lifecycle-kcs-and-article-access): How Lightning Knowledge is configured (record types, the Knowledge User license, authoring permissions), how articles move through draft, published, archived, versions and translations, how flow approvals and KCS roles, loops and validation states fit on top, and when to control access with data categories or standard sharing.
  - [Knowledge for reps, self-service sites and agents](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/knowledge-management/knowledge-for-reps-self-service-sites-and-agents): How to deliver Knowledge where it's used: the Knowledge component and article suggestions on cases, inserting article content or sharing URLs, search tuning, creating articles from cases, channel visibility for help centers and Experience Cloud sites, grounding Agentforce agents with Answer Questions with Knowledge and data libraries, and measuring article use.
  - [Case intake: Web-to-Case, Email-to-Case and portals](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/intake-and-interaction-channels/case-intake-web-to-case-email-to-case-and-portals): How to pick and design the asynchronous intake channels that create cases: Web-to-Case forms (setup steps, 5,000-a-day limit, reCAPTCHA, default owner, no attachments), Email-to-Case routing addresses, limits and threading, and Experience Cloud self-service with contact requests and a Channel Menu.
  - [Messaging and voice channel options compared](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/intake-and-interaction-channels/messaging-and-voice-channel-options-compared): Which conversational channel meets which business goal: Enhanced Chat (formerly Messaging for In-App and Web) versus retired legacy Chat, Enhanced Chat v2 for agentic use, WhatsApp, SMS, Messenger, Apple Messages and Partner Messaging, and the four voice telephony models including Agentforce Contact Center Voice.
  - [Enhanced Chat deployment design and configuration](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/intake-and-interaction-channels/enhanced-chat-deployment-design-and-configuration): The design decisions and limits that make or break an Enhanced Chat rollout: the messaging channel and Embedded Service deployment, irreversible choices, pre-chat fields passed to Omni-Channel flows as strings, business hours caching, attachments, rate and session limits, user verification for persistent conversations, and which sites can host it.
  - [Choosing processes for an AI service agent](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/intake-and-interaction-channels/choosing-processes-for-an-ai-service-agent): How to decide which service processes an Agentforce Service agent should own: high-volume, repeatable, well-documented requests first; sensitive, regulated or judgment calls escalated to reps; Knowledge-grounded answers as the first use case; email versus messaging intake; and how autonomous AI agents differ from scripted bots.
  - [Building and testing Agentforce Service agents](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/intake-and-interaction-channels/building-and-testing-agentforce-service-agents): The configuration path for an Agentforce Service agent: enable Einstein Generative AI and Agentforce, create the agent from a template in Agentforce Builder with an agent user, shape subagents (formerly topics), actions and a data library, test with Preview and Testing Center, connect channels and escalation, then commit, activate and version.
  - [Case lifecycle: assignment, escalation and closure](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/case-management/case-lifecycle-assignment-escalation-and-closure): Design a case from intake to close: which rule assigns, acknowledges and escalates it, how statuses and support processes mark closure, and when to use case teams, parent cases or merge.
  - [Case deflection across sites, agents and Knowledge](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/case-management/case-deflection-across-sites-agents-and-knowledge): Which deflection layer fits which audience (the Case Deflection component, Ask suggestions or Agentforce Service Agent), how to configure the component, and how to prove deflection with metrics instead of anecdotes.
  - [Entitlements, milestones and business hours for SLAs](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/case-management/entitlements-milestones-and-business-hours-for-slas): How entitlements on accounts, assets, contacts and service contracts point cases at an entitlement process, how milestones, their actions and business hours enforce SLA times, and how to track and report attainment.
  - [Einstein case classification, work summaries and macros](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/case-management/einstein-case-classification-work-summaries-and-macros): Tell predictive, generative and deterministic service automation apart: Einstein Case Classification and its confidence thresholds, Work Summaries and their review step, and macros, quick text and Flow for repetitive rep work.
  - [Service reports and dashboards for each stakeholder](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/contact-center-analytics/service-reports-and-dashboards-for-each-stakeholder): Pick the report format, calculation, filter and dashboard design that answers each service stakeholder's question, deliver it with the right running user, folder and subscription, and know where history, Omni-Channel and channel data live.
  - [External Services, Salesforce Connect and MuleSoft integrations](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/agentforce-service-consultant/integrations/external-services-salesforce-connect-and-mulesoft-integrations): Choose between External Service agent actions, Salesforce Connect external objects, copying data and Apex from WSDL; secure callouts with named and external credentials; relate external objects; and guard destructive agent actions.
- [Business Analyst Study Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst): 22 units across 6 exam sections ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/study-guide/business-analyst))
  - [Business goals, challenges and project scope](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/business-goals-challenges-and-project-scope): How a business analyst sorts discovery statements into goals, strategies, initiatives and challenges, turns vague goals and pain points into measurable targets, traces initiatives to goals, and writes an in-scope and out-of-scope boundary that resists scope creep.
  - [Current-state discovery from real usage evidence](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/current-state-discovery-from-real-usage-evidence): How a business analyst establishes the current state from evidence rather than opinion: usage and login data, observation, product and license inventory, cross-product hand-offs and spreadsheet workarounds, and how to scope that review when time is short.
  - [BA roles across the implementation lifecycle](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/ba-roles-across-the-implementation-lifecycle): What the business analyst owns in each phase of a Salesforce implementation, how the role differs from admin, developer, architect, project manager and business owner, and why the BA supplies analysis and raises gaps while others decide, design and build.
  - [Planning analysis work across lifecycle phases](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/planning-analysis-work-across-lifecycle-phases): How a business analyst sequences analysis work across the implementation lifecycle: discovery first, a business analysis plan per phase, high-level scope up front with just-in-time detail in iterative delivery, reuse of current-state maps, and routing newly found scope to the sponsor.
  - [Org assessment: opportunities and constraints](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/org-assessment-opportunities-and-constraints): How a business analyst reviews a Salesforce org with the admin (configuration, automation, data model and quality, access, reports, adoption) and sorts findings into constraints such as managed packages, integrations, release calendars, parallel work streams and multiple orgs, versus opportunities such as unused metadata, using a sandbox to explore changes safely.
  - [Matching business needs to Salesforce capabilities](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/customer-discovery/matching-business-needs-to-salesforce-capabilities): How a business analyst maps a stated need to the Salesforce capability built for it (screen flows and approvals, case management with entitlements, Experience Cloud for external users, Field Service with an offline mobile app), checks standard features before AgentExchange or custom builds, validates feasibility, and tests 'replicate the legacy layout' requests against the real outcome.
  - [Planning discovery and preparing for elicitation](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/collaboration-with-stakeholders/planning-discovery-and-preparing-for-elicitation): How to build a discovery plan around who your stakeholders are, what each group uniquely knows and how much time it can give, and what to prepare before the first elicitation session: the business need, project history, enterprise analysis and a draft current-state flow.
  - [Stakeholder analysis and the trusted advisor role](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/collaboration-with-stakeholders/stakeholder-analysis-and-the-trusted-advisor-role): How to find every stakeholder (internal, external and the ones discovered late), record their influence, earn trusted-advisor status by speaking the customer's language and following up with the people who matter, and carry meaning both ways between the business and the technical team.
  - [Choosing the right elicitation technique](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/collaboration-with-stakeholders/choosing-the-right-elicitation-technique): Which elicitation technique fits which scenario signal (scale, a gap between what people say and do, a need for agreement, sensitive or single-source knowledge, group dynamics, idea generation, people who cannot describe what they want), how to prepare and run a workshop, and what the conduct and confirm stages involve.
  - [Gap analysis from current to future state](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/collaboration-with-stakeholders/gap-analysis-from-current-to-future-state): The path from a validated current state to an agreed, stored future state: define the future state with stakeholders, run a gap analysis, assess the options against value, effort and risk, challenge steps that only exist for legacy reasons, build shared understanding with side-by-side maps, whiteboarding and journey maps, and phase the change when it exceeds the budget.
  - [Resolving conflicts to reach stakeholder consensus](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/collaboration-with-stakeholders/resolving-conflicts-to-reach-stakeholder-consensus): How a BA facilitates (not dictates) agreement when stakeholders compete: joint prioritization against agreed criteria, evidence-based sessions with the sponsor and SMEs, escalation with documented options when deadlocked, trade-off conversations for late 'critical' requests, and decision records, sign-off and decision rights that stop agreements being reopened.
  - [Scoping and decomposing complex business processes](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/business-process-mapping/scoping-and-decomposing-complex-business-processes): How to bound a complex process by its input and outcome, set its context with a capability model or SIPOC, and break it into readable levels of 8-10 verb-first activity boxes that drill down without losing scope.
  - [Documenting processes with UPN and other notations](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/business-process-mapping/documenting-processes-with-upn-and-other-notations): How to document a process in Universal Process Notation (activity boxes, lines with text, RACI resources, attachments, drill-downs), when a SIPOC or value stream map fits better, and how to build and validate maps live with the people who do the work to elicit requirements and agree a future state.
  - [Governing process maps in a versioned repository](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/business-process-mapping/governing-process-maps-in-a-versioned-repository): Why approved process maps belong in one version-controlled, web-published repository with diagram-level history, view and edit rights, named owners and a sign-off cycle, and how that repository controls scope, links implementation and operational assets, and supports regulated processes.
  - [Scope vs requirements vs user stories](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/requirements/scope-vs-requirements-vs-user-stories): How the scope statement, requirements and user stories differ in purpose, point of view and timing, and how a business need flows down through them without losing business rules.
  - [Eliciting, validating and prioritizing requirements](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/requirements/eliciting-validating-and-prioritizing-requirements): How a business analyst finds the right stakeholders, fills gaps and reconciles conflicts, checks each requirement is testable and traceable, confirms it with its owners, and facilitates a priority order the business agrees.
  - [Requirements baselines, traceability and change control](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/requirements/requirements-baselines-traceability-and-change-control): Why requirements live in one version-controlled repository, how a baseline and its change history expose scope creep, how change requests are logged and decided, and how unique IDs trace each requirement to the stories and tests that prove it.
  - [User story anatomy, INVEST and splitting](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/user-stories/user-story-anatomy-invest-and-splitting): The three parts of a user story and why each matters, how to keep stories about intent rather than implementation, how to diagnose a weak story with the INVEST checklist, and how to split a story that is too big.
  - [Writing testable acceptance criteria](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/user-stories/writing-testable-acceptance-criteria): What acceptance criteria are, how to write each one as a single pass/fail statement of intent, how they differ from the team's definition of done, and how they decide whether a story is ready and whether it is accepted.
  - [Managing user stories in a versioned backlog](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/user-stories/managing-user-stories-in-a-versioned-backlog): How a version-controlled story repository becomes the system of record for scope: per-story revision history, recording mid-sprint and post-delivery changes, stakeholder access, deferral decisions, links to requirements and releases, and moving an existing document in as the baseline.
  - [Supporting the build and validating delivery](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/development-support-and-user-acceptance/supporting-the-build-and-validating-delivery): What the BA does while the solution is built: clarifying story intent and updating acceptance criteria, working the Scrum meetings, accepting or returning stories against their criteria, protecting existing functionality, and preparing the evidence, training and communications the business needs before release.
  - [Planning and running user acceptance testing](https://www.certifyforce.com/study-guide/business-analyst/development-support-and-user-acceptance/planning-and-running-user-acceptance-testing): How the BA plans UAT (testers, scripts, schedule, sandbox and test data, defect process, sign-off), runs it (triaging defects, enhancements and usability issues, retesting, reporting progress), and gives decision makers the facts for a go/no-go call backed by written sign-off.

## Free tools

- [Free Salesforce Platform Administrator diagnostic](https://www.certifyforce.com/diagnostic): 12 questions, no account required, with a readiness score broken down by official exam section

## Public API

- [CertifyForce API documentation](https://www.certifyforce.com/docs): free, read-only JSON API with no key required — the certification catalog, official exam facts and outlines, and the free sample questions
- [OpenAPI specification](https://www.certifyforce.com/openapi.json): OpenAPI 3.1 description of every endpoint
- [CertifyForce API versioning and deprecation policy](https://www.certifyforce.com/docs/deprecation-policy): additive-only changes within v1, 6 months' notice with Deprecation and Sunset headers before any shutdown
- [List certifications](https://www.certifyforce.com/api/v1/certifications): GET, JSON

## Pricing

- [Pricing](https://www.certifyforce.com/pricing): credit packs, the all-access subscription, and per-certification question-bank packs
- [Practice exam packs](https://www.certifyforce.com/practice-exams): one certification's reviewed question bank, USD $19, with unlimited timed mock exams and section drills

## Blog posts

- [Agentforce Specialist Certification: 2026 Exam Guide](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/agentforce-specialist-certification-guide): Pass the Salesforce Agentforce Specialist exam: outline weights, Data 360 and AI Agents focus, study plan and exam-day tips from the 2026 official guide.
- [Salesforce Certification Cost and Retake Fees (2026)](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/salesforce-certification-cost-retake-policy): Salesforce certification costs in 2026: exam and retake fees by level, retake waiting periods, maintenance, official vouchers and what happens if you fail.
- [Which Salesforce Certification Should You Get First? (2026)](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/which-salesforce-certification-first): The right first Salesforce certification for your role in 2026: admin, developer, consultant, Agentforce, BA, architect or marketer, with prerequisites.
- [Salesforce Platform Administrator Study Guide (2026)](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/salesforce-administrator-certification-guide): Pass the Salesforce Platform Administrator exam in 2026: current outline weights, the new Agentforce section, a 5-week study plan and exam-day tips.
- [Salesforce Platform Developer I Exam Tips (2026)](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/platform-developer-certification-tips): Pass Salesforce Platform Developer (PD1) in 2026: current outline weights, Apex and LWC patterns the exam tests, governor limits and a study plan.
- [5 Proven Strategies to Pass Any Salesforce Certification](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog/salesforce-certification-exam-preparation): Study techniques, practice-exam strategy and exam-day tactics that work for any Salesforce certification, updated for the 2026 exam outlines.

## About and policies

- [About CertifyForce](https://www.certifyforce.com/about): who runs CertifyForce — Warren Walters, Salesforce MVP
- [CertifyForce vs Focus on Force, Udemy, Salesforce Ben and Trailhead](https://www.certifyforce.com/compare): sourced comparison of price, access, question review and free options, including where each alternative is the better choice ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/compare))
- [How the practice questions are made](https://www.certifyforce.com/how-questions-are-made): the question-bank pipeline, bank sizes, and what the review does and doesn't guarantee ([markdown](https://www.certifyforce.com/md/how-questions-are-made))
- [Contact](https://www.certifyforce.com/contact): email warren@walters954.com for support, billing, and content corrections
- [Privacy policy](https://www.certifyforce.com/privacy): what we collect and how it is used
- [Terms of service](https://www.certifyforce.com/terms): conditions for using the platform

## Optional

- [Full certification reference](https://www.certifyforce.com/llms-full.txt): every exam outline, section weight, and exam fact in one markdown document
- [Blog index](https://www.certifyforce.com/blog): study guides and exam strategy articles
- [Sitemap](https://www.certifyforce.com/sitemap.xml): every indexable URL
- [RSS feed](https://www.certifyforce.com/feed.xml): new blog posts